Women and the Justice Divide in Asia Pacific: How can Informal and Formal Institutions Bridge the Gap?

Across Asia and the Pacific, legal pluralist systems meet both cultural norms and address injustices at the local level. What is the capacity of these pluralist systems to provide justice and mitigate discrimination against women? This article examines women's experiences across five countries to identify the factors that enable and constrain women's engagement with legal pluralist justice systems in the Asia-Pacific region. Drawing on examples of women's individual and collective attempts to access justice specifically concerning custody, land, and violence, this article identifies three persistent conditions that perpetuate women's inability to access justice: the absence of gender mainstreaming resources in pluralist legal systems, most notably in rural, remote, and impoverished communities;cultural and religious preference for women's underrepresentation in decision-making;and women's low representation in justice-related civil service positions.

Game-Theoretic Approach to Modeling Collective Labor Incentives for Regional Civil Servants in Russia

Currently, a number of external factors (in particular, sanctions pressure from the US and EU countries, the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection) have a strong negative impact on the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the head of almost any Russian region is forced to perform the functions of an anti-crisis manager. The modern system of stimulating the work of civil regional employees can help improve the efficiency of public administration, and as a result, ensure the socio-economic development of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The author's approach to this issue is based on the simultaneous application of a number of modern scientific methods, namely index, neural network technologies and mathematical game theory. The use of neural network technologies makes it possible to objectively assess the achieved level of socio-economic development of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the positive foreign (Singapore and South Korean) experience in the field of civil service reform, it is proposed to make the amount of collective incentive payments (bonus fund) of regional civil servants directly dependent on the achieved level of socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation. In turn, this implies the development of a hierarchical system of collective-individual stimulation of the work of regional civil servants. During the construction of the game-theoretic model, the correct establishment of the relationship between the level of collective incentive payments to regional civil servants and the socio-economic development of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is ensured. After experimental refinement of the parameters of the game-theoretic model, there is a possibility of its practical application to stimulate the work of regional civil servants in Russia. The introduction of the author's approach into the practice of regional management, firstly, will allow coordinating the activities of ministries and departments, and secondly, will strengthen control over the targeted spending of budgetary funds on bonus payments to civil civil servants.

Strategy for Services Anticipation at the Rehabilitation Center of BNN Based on Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing Forecasting Method

One of the Indonesian government's responses to the COVID-19 pandemic is making policies related to restrictions on public services which affects the organizational resilience of the Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Board (BNN). This research aimed to determine the historical pattern of the influence of public service policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on the client population, to forecast the client population for 3 (three) months ahead, and to analyze strategies for anticipating rehabilitation services at the Rehabilitation Center of BNN. This research method is quantitative by using a moving average (MA) and exponential smoothing forecasting model. Based on the validity test, MA is the best forecasting model, which indicates a possibility of a spike in male clients with the same amount in the pre-pandemic period, as many as 310 people, and the average female client is 7 people. Meanwhile, adolescent clients show inaccurate prediction results with MAPE 149.825. Strategies that can be implemented to anticipate a spike in the number of clients if it reaches the highest forecasting point are: increasing the budget, modifying the rehabilitation program for female and adolescent clients, a balanced staff composition, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Technium Social Sciences Journal is the property of Technium Press Constanta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Can We Mitigate Covid-19 Related Work Strain Among Civil Servants? Examining the Role of Organizational Commitment, Job Autonomy and Workplace Social Support

The extraordinary measures taken to constrain infections with the coronavirus may have altered the known psychological processes preventing stress and strain in the public workplace. We use survey data of a large public organization in Belgium to look at the capacity of affective organizational commitment, perceived job autonomy, and workplace social support to buffer the impact of Covid-19 measures on work strain. We find a negative effect of perceived job autonomy on stress resulting from Covid-19 measures. We find no support for the buffering effect of affective organizational commitment and workplace social support on employee strain induced by Covid-19 measures.

Advisory machinery for large‐scale crises and a risky future

This short article provides a practitioner's perspective in response to Iacobucci and Trebilcock's (2022) article "Existential threats: Climate change, pandemics and institutions." It offers some thoughts on: the many kinds of advisory bodies on whose advice governments can draw;the options for and constraints on institutional change;and what the federal and provincial governments could do to better equip themselves for dealing with the next "existential crisis." The goal is to point to the full range of sources of scientific and policy advice for governments, to encourage better appreciation of when different sources of advice might be best served by different institutional underpinnings, and to emphasize the important role of the public service and "soft" machinery in fielding advice from diverse sources in an increasingly risky future. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]

Remote Work as an Innovative Approach in the Public Administration System of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This study examines how remote work was implemented in the Republic of Kazakhstan's public sector before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how civil service workers adjusted to it. The article's goal is to consider creative approaches for the management of remote work in Kazakhstani state organizations and the adaptation of public employees to new working circumstances both during and after the pandemic. This article also addresses current topics related to the growth of remote work in the American public administration system. Many nations develop flexible work models by utilizing their legal systems and cutting-edge strategies. By analyzing some of the actions that the government took during the epidemic and the findings of statistical studies of state agencies and surveys of civil employees, the current state of remote and integrated modes of operation in Kazakhstan's public administration system was determined. The responses of the civil servants who were interviewed highlight some risks of using unauthorized information and communication channels when working remotely. They confirm the necessity of increasing digital literacy among civil servants, providing high-quality resources and technical support, and enhancing psychological and physical health. It is clear that the state apparatus is progressively adjusting to the new reality while also streamlining its operational procedures. The importance of Kazakhstan's originality in public administration and remote work is highlighted in this article.

Role of scientific advice in covid-19 policy

Holly Jarman and colleagues discuss why scientific advice must be separate from government decisions and evaluate the autonomy and transparency of the UK’s system

CRIMINALIZATION OF ANIMAL CRUELTY IN CONTEXT: AN ALBANIAN PERSPECTIVE

Albansko je zakonodavstvo sporo pristupilo sveobuhvatnom ured strok signenju i kaznenom sankcioniranju okrutnosti prema životinjama. Tijekom drugog desetljeća izgradnje demokratskog pravnog sustava, prihvaćeno je zakonodavstvo prvotno odredilo samo prekršajne kazne za ograničen broj djela okrutnosti prema životinjama, počinjenih komisivno ili omisivno. Med strok signutim, peticija 37.257 glasača iz studenog 2017. obvezala je Odbor za zakonodavstvo Parlamenta Albanije da se raspravi i o kriminalizaciji takvih djela. Dvije godine kasnije, 18. srpnja 2019., usvojene su dopune albanskog Kaznenog zakona kojima je dodano 6 članaka kojima je predvid strok signena kaznena sankcija za djela okrutnosti prema životinjama. Pitanje koje se postavlja u radu jest kako su društveni kontekst i drugi faktori oblikovali pravo kojim su regulirana ova kaznena djela. Cilj autora je odgovoriti na to pitanje funkcionalnom metodom te pristupom koji se temelji na kontekstualnoj analizi rješenja problema, poduzimajući dubinsku pravnu procjenu albanskog zakonodavstva te poredbenih pravnih rješenja. Rad se u velikoj mjeri temelji na zapisnicima osam sastanaka Odbora za zakonodavstvo te razgovorima sa 19 članova Parlamenta, službenicima u odgovornim ustanovama te predstavnicima civilnog društva, kako bi se rasvijetlilo kako su napori društva oblikovali proces i krajnji rezultat kriminalizacije okrutnosti prema životinjama u Albaniji. Rasprava se nastavlja s poredbenopravnom analizom predloženih rješenja i usvojene regulacije u Kaznenom zakonu u odnosu prema zakonodavstvima izabranih zemalja Europske unije i EU acquisem. Iznose se sumnje i zabrinutost je li kriminalizacija okrutnosti prema životinjama odgovarajući način kako bi se smanjio broj takvih postupanja.Alternate :The Albanian legislature has been slow to comprehensively regulate and suitably penalize cruelty towards animals. During the second decade of building a democratic legal system, adopted legislation mandated administrative penalties for only a small number of acts of commission or omission that constituted cruelty to animals. A petition from 37,527 electors obliged the Committee of Laws at the Albanian Parliament to deliberate on the criminalization of animal cruelty for the first time in November of 2017. Two years later, on 18 July 2019, the Albanian Criminal Code was amended with six provisions criminalizing animal cruelty. How has context and other factors shaped the law in Albania with regards to animal cruelty?Authors aim to respond to this question through afunctional method with a problem-solving contextual approach, engaging in an in-depth legal evaluation of the Albanian legislation and comparative analysis on the topic. This work draws on deliberations from eight meetings of the Committee of Laws and consultation with nineteen Members of the Parliament, civil servants in responsible institutions, and representatives from civil society, to clarify how society's effort shaped the criminalization of cruelty towards animals in Albania. The discussion proceeds with a comparative legal analysis between proposed legislation and adopted changes in the Criminal Code with legislation in certain EU Member States and EU acquis. Concerns linger about whether criminalizing a behavior such as animal cruelty is the appropriate way to reduce the occurrence of this offence.

Benefits of Flexible Working System During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Field Study in Turkey

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions and attitudes of healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers), academicians and civil servants who benefit from flexible working practices during the Covid-19 pandemic period. This is a descriptive study. A questionnaire form was used in the study as a data collection tool which includes statements about the benefits of flexible working practice during the pandemic such as;family work balance, family work conflict, motivation, performance, productivity, quality of life and health. Study results show that;healthcare professionals experienced an increase in their motivation and job satisfaction, their productivity was positively affected, their individual and corporate performances have increased, while academicians experienced a decrease in their motivation and job satisfaction, their productivity was not positively affected, and their concentration has decreased during flexible working period in the pandemic.

Nursing Staff Burnout: A Critical Review of the Risk Factors

Background: Professional burnout is usually found in the working environment and affects almost all professional groups, such as nurses, civil servants, educators and many others who may experience moderate to severe cases of burnout symptoms. Although burnout can be found in all professional groups, it is most noticeable among professionals whose work involves constant demands coupled with intense interaction with individuals or groups who have demanding physical and emotional needs. Aim: The general purpose of this review is to investigate the risks and factors that contribute to burnout in nursing staff. Within this context, the specific objectives include the following: Methods: For this critical review's needs, relevant articles were found by searching PubMed using specific seven key words in 12 separate combinations (sub-searches). Thus, PubMed was chosen because this particular database is considered inclusive enough to meet the needs of this review and the search was conducted in English, from 2000 to date. Results: Perusal of the papers per se, leads to a categorization of four major groups and thirteen sub-themes. Thus, this critical review uncovers four main factors that predispose nurses to burnout, namely: Working conditions;Interpersonal factors;Environmental factors and Interactions. Discussion: All nurses the clinical workplace creates a small community. Social support between workers minimizes conflicts in the workplace while increasing productivity. If interpersonal relationships between workers are absent or destroyed, by either work environment factors, negative colleagues or supervisors with poor leadership skills, not only is the peaceful cohabitation between workers lost, but also the organization itself is undermined. Conclusions: It has been recognized by many studies that a positive workplace climate for nurses can play a key role in preventing burnout. A positive working ethos includes supportive relationships between nurses, the head of unit, medical staff, and overall positive leadership style, within an optimum team work spirit in order to prevent or diminish burnout.

Work engagement: A study among civil servants of Romania state's public administration

The present research aims to analyze civil servants work engagement in the Romanian state's public administration, meaning the central and territorial public administrations organizations. The purpose of the study is to create a comprehensive image regarding the level of civil servants work engagement in the Romanian states public administration, taking into consideration the major importance of these institutions in the successful implementation of governmental reforms and crisis management, such as the Coronavirus pandemic and its economic and social impact. In order to better understand civil servants' attitudes and behaviors that reveal their level of work engagement, the items used in the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale developed by Schaufeli and Bakker (2004) were chosen, as well as three new items, based on the studies identified in the literature review process. A total of646 respondents (civil servants) participated in the study. Findings suggest that civil servants in Romania's public administration have a high degree of work engagement, stating that they have a high level of energy and mental resistance during their work, are eager to put out effort in their work, and are persistent in the face of adversity. In comparison to female civil servants, men declared they adopted behaviors particular to a higher level of dedication, indicating that gender is a variable impacting work engagement. The occupied position, as well as the administrative level of the organization where the respondents worked, have no bearing on job engagement. The study adds new insights to the scarce literature on work engagement by examining the level of engagement among civil servants in the state's public administration and how it differs with respect to various sociodemographic and job-related variables. This is especially true in the Romanian context, where little research has been conducted in this direction.

The Introduction of the Special Issue: Asian Perspectives on Active Aging: Meaning, Purpose and Hope

Looking forward, as Japan faces increasing financial challenges approaching the norm of 100-year life, the authors note the emergence of a recrafting of the active aging motif to shogai gen’eki, encouraging older adults to remain productive with continued employment, suggesting the significance of remaining useful for a sustainable society. Besides a macro socio-historical review, the article also included a microanalysis of one case study of the development of senior clubs and senior colleges in a Japanese city, and a brief overview of the U.S. experience for comparative insights of active aging initiatives in Japan. [...]it should be noted that in Japanese literature, active aging programs are more widely known as programs to promote ikigai (life purpose). [...]the papers selected for this Special Issue have contributed towards the stock of knowledge that exists on how active aging is conceptualized and expressed in the region.

SPECIFIC DEONTOLOGICAL RULES APPLICABLE FOR THE PUBLIC MANAGER IN THE CONTEMPORARY ROMANIAN SOCIETY

[...]life in the community necessarily involves certain areas and services that cannot be ensured by private organizations (some not at all and others not exclusively): defense of the territory, protection of citizens from possible violations of their fundamental rights (right to life, to physical and mental integrity, the right to health, the right to education, etc.). In this context, it was natural to be taken over a series of ideas, principles and functions, including from the private environment, that would lead to a higher the efficiency of the Good administration and good governance can only be achieved through a permanent and efficient cooperation of political representatives with career officials. "14 Also in the sphere of public manager capacities are the aspects related to a better integration in the European Union structures "by implementing and following the enforcement of the European Community aquis, within the public authority or institution where it carries out its activity".15 In the opinion of some authors, to which we agree, "the manager is the one who, after systematizing and synthesizing the information, it holds through the position held, adopts the most adequate decisions within the institution it manages, decisions which it then communicates to its subordinates and determines who and how will be involved in carrying them out, so as to reach the proposed standards in the most efficient way. In the subsequent normative act, GEO no. 92/2008, the motivation is slightly different, compared to the new economic and social realities regarding aspects such as "taking away some dysfunctions occurred in the management of the professional body of public managers, which attracts the risk of lowering the interest in accessing and remaining in this professional body"21 and strengthening "the administrative capacity of the Romanian public administration and the reform process in general, by developing a coherent system of public managers, based on merit and performance, expanding the selection base to the whole public sector which whould attract and keep in the system people with the required skills and potential"22.

Policy and practical implications for workforce nationalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries

Purpose>This study aims to advance practice and research on workforce nationalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries through identifying relevant policy and practical implications needed to implement nationalization initiatives effectively.Design/methodology/approach>The author followed a two-stage approach. Stage 1 reviewed the literature to identify relevant papers on workforce nationalization in the GCC region. Stage 2 used a thematic analysis to propose relevant implications for both policy makers and employers.Findings>Through the lens of four perspectives at different levels, i.e. legal, organizational, human development and socio-cultural perspectives, the author has identified ten policy and practical implications. Both governments and employers need to consider these when developing holistic strategies for effective workforce nationalization.Originality/value>Over several decades, the GCC countries have been implementing several nationalization initiatives to increase the percentage and qualifications of their national employees. The significance of these initiatives stems from the fact that the GCC countries lack adequately trained citizens. Moreover, regardless of political attitudes toward foreigners, development plans for modernization, industrialization or urbanization heavily relies on foreign employees. This is because nationals represent the minority of employees and are largely employed in the public sector. This phenomenon needs the attention of scholars to discuss different aspects of nationalization and how to effectively implement it.

Can Hong Kong exceptionalism last? Dilemmas of governance and public administration over five decades 1970s-2020

Purpose>The purpose of this book launch speech is to introduce the book I author, Can Hong Kong exceptionalism last? Dilemmas of governance and public administration over five decades 1970s-2020 (2021). The book critically reviews the governance and public administration from 1970s to 2020, identifying strengths and capabilities as well as constraints and dilemmas.Design/methodology/approach>The book is based on my decades of academic observations and personal political experience by interpreting and re-interpreting the Hong Kong journey, with reflections on past assumptions and raising new questions.Findings>This book identifies five exceptional aspects: (a) Under British rule Hong Kong was governed as an atypical colony;(b) It was one of the Four Little Dragons as part of the East Asian Miracle;(c) In the 1990s, it was one of the regional pioneers in public sector reform;(d) The unique constitutional status of post-1997 Hong Kong as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China;(e) After reunification, the SAR government, though only semi-democratic, is checked by balancing and monitoring mechanisms no less vigorous than some developed democracies. It also examines various governance problems faced in the post-1997 period.Originality/value>Hong Kong is again in times of uncertainty and volatility. The city has entered a ‘second transition’ after 2020, and it is undergoing a bigger test than in 1997. After reviewing the past, I opine in the book that Hong Kong has to identify its niche areas, not only in economics. It needs a paradigm shift in how it relates to the Mainland within ‘One Country’ and how it relates to the world as a global metropolis.

Editorial 15-3 International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis

The methodology uses hedonic regression and propensity score matching econometric techniques to analyse the price of single-family housing prices. [...]the study combines data about zoning changes at the parcel level with nearby housing sales transactions to study any potential externality effects because of rezoning induced by private parties. The seventh paper from South Africa examines the dynamic relationship between house prices and household income per capita in the lower- and low middle-income housing segments. The tenth paper from Australia examined the impact of the recently completed light rail on the level of residential property values.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL ORGANISATION OF CrVTL SERVANTS' WORK IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19

The relevance of this study is determined by the need to organise the effective work of public authorities in the conditions of numerous quarantine restrictions caused by the spread of the coronavirus pandemic in Ukraine and the introduction of remote control of the activities of public authorities in the country. In this context, the purpose of this study was to identify effective practical developments on the organisation of remote work of state authorities of Ukraine during the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pandemic on the territory of the country. The leading approach in this study was the method of systematic analysis of the activities of public authorities in Ukraine during the introduction of restrictive measures due to the spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine in general and in the context of the organisation of remote management of the activities of these organisations in particular. The obtained results of the study clearly illustrate the degree of importance of the problems arising in connection with the forced transition of public authorities to remote work and the need to introduce current changes to the system of organising their activities in the current conditions to obtain the required results. The results of this study and the final conclusions formulated on their basis may have substantial practical significance for employees of public administration structures who are forced to face the need to introduce considerable changes in their daily activities due to the restrictions associated with the organisation of remote work of these bodies during the coronavirus pandemic, as well as for researchers of practical opportunities for improving the activities of state apparatus structures who are forced to switch to remote work.

CE QUE LA THÉORIE DES CHAMPS NOUS DIT DE L'ADMINISTRATION EUROPÉENNE (II) : LES TRANSFORMATIONS DU CHAMP BUREAUCRATIQUE EUROPÉEN (2000-2020) LES TRANSFORMATIONS DU CHAMP BUREAUCRATIQUE EUROPÉEN (2000-2020)

What field theory tells us about the European administration (II): The transformations of the European bureaucratic field (2000-2020) - This paper is the second part of the analysis of the European bureaucratic field developed above in this special issue. In the first part, we sought to better explain the concept of the bureaucratic field on a theoretical level as well as the new perspectives it opens up for studying the European institutions. Beyond its immediate contribution to shedding light on the profile of key institutional actors, the sociology of the field of eurocracy treats the European institutions as a space of human as well as institutional relations. In doing so, it highlights a set of sociological structures that act as a condition for the very concrete practices and relations of cooperation and authority within the administrative-political compromise-making machine that are the institutions and the broader "milieu" they represent. We have also provided some methodological clarifications and limitations that are useful for making this analytical grid work in conjunction with others. In this second part, we will not develop the consequences for the analysis of singular European public policies whose space is to be constructed on a case-by-case basis (on these aspects, see Ponte et al., 2017;Bigo, 2018;Roger, 2020;Georgakakis, 2022). We will focus on what this reading grid tells us about the medium-term and more recent transformations of the European administrative field in its generic form and especially from its Brussels centre. © 2022 Ecole Nationale d'Administration. All rights reserved.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS of ORGANIZING REMOTE WORK in the UKRAINIAN CIVIL SERVICE: A STUDY

This article analyzes the practice of organizing remote work in the Ukrainian civil service during the quarantine brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers describe the modes and peculiarities of organizing remote work, and the differences in modes of organizing remote work in government agencies at different levels of jurisdiction are shown. Civil servants’ self-assessments of efficiency, work quality, and administrative discipline levels after the transition to remote work are examined. A comparison of attitudes towards the peculiarities of remote work among individuals of different ages, experience levels, and genders and among those performing different tasks is carried out. This article identifies problems that need to be addressed within the framework of implementing remote work. Five main trends in organizing remote work are outlined: the promotion of learning and self-development;the promotion of IT tools in the civil service;an awareness of the importance of communication and interaction;the development of non-financial incentives for teams;and the adaptability of employees to new working conditions in the face of moderate resistance to change. © 2021 Mykolas Riomeris University. All rights reserved.

NUOTOLINIO DARBO VALSTYBĖS TARNYBOJE ORGANIZAVIMO PRAKTINIAI ASPEKTAI: TYRIMAS

Straipsnyje analizuojami nuotolinio darbo organizavimo Ukrainos valstybės tarnyboje COVID-19 karantino metu tyrimo rezultatai ir pateikiami nuotolinio darbo organizavimo būdai ir ypatumai. Tyrimas atskleidė nuotolinio darbo organizavimo skirtumus skirtingų jurisdikcijų valdžios institucijose ir leido pateikti valstybės tarnautojų efektyvumo, darbo kokybės ir administracinės drausmės lygio įsivertinimo, pereinant prie nuotolinio darbo, rezultatus. Siekiant atskleisti Ukrainos viešojo administravimo sistemos pasirengimą įgyvendinti pokyčius, tyrimo metu palyginti skirtingų darbo vietų, įvairaus amžiaus, patirties lygio ir lyties asmenų požiūrio į nuotolinį darbą ypatumai ir identifikuoti nuotolinio darbo organizavimo ir įgyvendinimo iššūkiai, reikalaujantys sprendimų. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis, straipsnyje išskiriamos penkios pagrindinės nuotolinio darbo organizavimo tendencijos: mokymosi ir saviugdos skatinimas;IT priemonių valstybės tarnyboje plėtra;bendravimo ir sąveikos svarbos suvokimas;nefinansinių skatinimo priemonių komandoms kūrimas;darbuotojų gebėjimas prisitaikyti prie naujų darbo sąlygų ir atsparumas pokyčiams.Alternate : This article analyzes the practice of organizing remote work in the Ukrainian civil service during the quarantine brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers describe the modes and peculiarities of organizing remote work, and the differences in modes of organizing remote work in government agencies at different levels of jurisdiction are shown. Civil servants’ self-assessments of efficiency, work quality, and administrative discipline levels after the transition to remote work are examined. A comparison of attitudes towards the peculiarities of remote work among individuals of different ages, experience levels, and genders and among those performing different tasks is carried out. This article identifies problems that need to be addressed within the framework of implementing remote work. Five main trends in organizing remote work are outlined: the promotion of learning and self-development;the promotion of IT tools in the civil service;an awareness of the importance of communication and interaction;the development of non-financial incentives for teams;and the adaptability of employees to new working conditions in the face of moderate resistance to change.